中文摘要：

本研究从18个叶绿体DNA（cpDNA）分子标记中筛选出3个有效分子标记trnL-trnF、trnH-psb A和RPL16,利用它们对中国黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata（L.f.）Royle）8个居群进行了遗传多样性研究。结果显示,黑藻8个居群40个样本共有12个单倍型,总变异位点数为135个;单倍型多样性指数为0.9064,遗传多样性主要存在于居群间（89.6%）。其中单倍型Hap4同时存在于地理距离相隔较远的陕西汉中（SXHZ）和浙江余姚（YY）居群中。研究结果表明黑藻可以通过无性繁殖的方式快速完成居群扩张,同时,地理隔离和生境差异可能导致居群间基因流较低,奠基者效应和遗传漂变可能对黑藻的遗传结构产生重要影响。

英文摘要：

The genetic characteristics of Hydrilla verticillata（ L. f.） Royle were analyzed with chloroplast DNA（ cpDNA） markers. Out of 18 candidate pairs,three effective molecular markers（ trnL-trnF,trnH-psbA,RPL16） were screened,providing the molecular basis for further research. In total,12 haplotypes were discovered in 40 samples of H. verticillata,with135 mutation sites and haplotype diversity of 0. 9064. Haplotype-4 was found in regions SXHZ and YY,which were geographically distant. In addition,85. 79% of total variation existed between populations. Through asexual reproduction, H. verticillata could carry out rapid expansion. Geographical separation and various environments between populations have likely resulted in low gene flow. In addition, the genetic structure of H. verticillata has been profoundly affected by founder effect and genetic drift.