中文摘要：

[目的／意义]从纵向演化与横向区域比较两个维度，探究包括中国在内的65个“一带一路”沿线国家的科研合作情况，为我国与沿线国家开展科研合作和政策制定提供参考。[方法／过程]以Web of Science核心合集作为数据来源，抓取65个国家20年间近240万条学术论文的跨国合作数据；使用社会网络分析方法，构建“一带一路”沿线国家的论文合著网络。然后从网络整体、核心国家、科研小团体三方面分析该网络现状及演化过程，并对核心国家之间的主要科研合作内容进行探究。[结果／结论]整体来看，合作网络的密度呈波动上升的趋势，这说明国家间的科研合作规模越来越大，但部分国家在科研合作开放程度上表现不佳，在“一带一路”沿线国家中衰弱型和沉睡型国家较多；中国、俄罗斯、波兰、捷克共和国、匈牙利、印度和土耳其的核心度一直较高，合作内容多属物理学及相关学科；除核心国家之外的“一带一路”沿线国家与地理位置上邻近的国家合作较多，东南亚、欧洲、中亚、中东等地区的区域聚集特征比较明显。

英文摘要：

[Purpose/significance] This study explores the scientific collaboration networks among countries along the ＂the Belt and Road Initiative＂ from the perspective of dynamical evolution, in order to provide suggestions for techno- logical cooperation and policy making. [ Method/process ] First, it builds the to-country network by social network meth- od based on published paper. Then, it analyzes the present situation and evolution process from three aspects： general sit- uation, the core countries, and the research group. [ Result/conclusion] Results show that （i） the scale of cooperation was more and more big, but some countries didn＇ t open enough. （ii） The core countries of this network are China, Rus- sia, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, India and Turkey. Physics related subjects are the commonest cooperation. （iii） Scientific collaborations among ＂the Belt and Road Initiative＂ countries are closely related to their geographical location.