中文摘要：

岩石劈裂是裂纹受轴向主压缩荷载引起的裂纹尖端开裂所致,这种开裂与Griffith理论的分析结果不同,它是一种与岩石压缩剪切破坏不同的压缩张拉破坏。基于Griffith裂纹分析方法,证明了裂纹尖端存在小拉应力极值,结合岩石破坏的渐进性特点,说明岩石在压缩过程中可以形成张拉破坏（劈裂破坏）,这一破坏形式是修正的Griffith强度理论以外的另一种破坏形式。给出了岩石劈裂破坏的条件,即裂纹纵向荷载高且侧压力很小或为0,且没有后续荷载的进一步作用或荷载时间短,并通过岩石厚壁圆筒卸荷试验验证了该岩石劈裂破坏条件的合理性。基于能量原理,分析岩石卸荷在无外功条件下张拉破坏与压缩破坏的能量耗散特征,给出岩石破坏时的能量关系式;从能量的积聚与耗散角度,揭示了煤岩体动力冲击、巷道围岩突然破坏等动力破坏现象产生的机制。

英文摘要：

Rock splits due to the axial main compression load at the crack tip. This splitting is a compression tension failure,which is different from the compression shear failure of the Griffith theory. At the crack tip,there exists the extreme value of the minor tension stress. Tensile failure or splitting failure appear during the compression process corresponding to the gradual characteristics of rock failure. This kind of failure is beyond the modified Griffith theory. The criterion of the occurrence of rock splitting is that the value of longitudinal load should be high and the value of lateral stress should be low or zero and that there is no subsequent loads or the loads last short. The criterion was confirmed with the unloading test of thick-wall cylinder rock. Based on the energy principle,the energy dissipation characteristics of tension failure and compression failure was analyzed under no external work condition during the unload process,and the energy relations of rock failure were obtained. From the energy accumulation and dissipation,the mechanisms of coal-rock dynamic impacting and sudden damage of surrounding rock were revealed.