中文摘要：

理性假设下,供应链运作过程中出现牛鞭效应也会出现反牛鞭效应,在考虑牛鞭效应与反牛鞭效应联合作用下分别构建二级供应链合作博弈模型与n级供应链合作博弈模型,得到Nash均衡策略,构建合作Nash均衡下供应链上订货模型,并通过数值算例验证订货模型及牛鞭效应特性与反牛鞭效应特性交替作用的最优化局势优于传统视角的消除牛鞭效应带来的供应链优化.研究表明：供应链上下游在周期内表现出牛鞭效应特性与反牛鞭效应特性的交替作用,会使得供应链整体上市场需求偏差减少、运作成本降低.贡献在于给出消除牛鞭效应的新思路,从整体上消除牛鞭效应或反牛鞭效应,使得整条供应链不管是短期的还是长期都是最优的,在长期还会给供应链企业带来显著的战略优势.

英文摘要：

Being the assumption of rationality, Supply chain operation would come out the bullwhip effect and anti-bullwhip effect, hence, the paper constructs of cooperative game model of two-tier supply chain and n-tier supply chain cooperative game model under considering the combined action on bullwhip effect and anti-bullwhip effect, and then gives the Nash equilibrium strategy, ulteriorly, builds supply chain order model under cooperation Nash equilibrium. And proving the supply chain order model and the result of supply chain operation optimization under considering the alternate action on bullwhip effect characteristic and anti-bullwhip effect characteristic is better than the traditional perspective of elimination of bullwhip effect in supply chain optimization through a numerical example. The results of this paper show that the performance of alternate action on bullwhip effect characteristic and anti-bullwhip effect characteristic on supply chain upstreams and downstreams will make the market demand deviation smallest and oPerating costs lowest in supply chain as a whole. The contribution of this paper is to give new ideas to eliminate bullwhip effect that eliminating the bullwhip effect or anti-bullwhip effect will make the entire supply chain optimization regardless of short-term or long-term, and will make supply chain enterprises to bring about significant strategic advantage in the long term.