中文摘要：

雷达极化学是研究雷达波与目标相互作用过程中的变极化效应、揭示其作用机理的一门应用基础科学，在微波遥感、对地勘察、气象探测、战场侦察、抗干扰、目标识别等领域有重大应用前景。该文简要回顾了雷达极化理论与技术的发展历程，综述了雷达极化信息精确获取、极化敏感阵列信号处理、目标极化特性、极化抗干扰、目标极化分类识别等关键技术的研究现状，最后对雷达极化技术的发展做了展望。

英文摘要：

Radar polarimetry is an applied fundamental science field that is focused on understanding interaction processes between radar waves and targets and disclosing their mechanisms. Radar polarimetry has significant application prospects in the fields of microwave remote sensing, earth observation, meteorological measurement, battlefield reconnaissance, anti-interference, target recognition, and so on. This study briefly reviews the development history of radar polarization theory and technology. Next, the state of the art of several key technologies within radar polarimetry, including the precise acquisition of radar polarization information, polarization-sensitive array signal processing, target polarization characteristics, polarization anti-interference, and target polarization classification and recognition, is summarized. Finally, the future developments of radar polarization technology are considered.