中文摘要：

调制传递函数（MTF）是光学成像系统成像性能的一种重要的评价指标,其值的高低可以直接反映成像系统成像质量的好坏.本文基于MTF检测的理论基础和通过遥感影像来测定MTF的原理,借鉴国内外的研究经验,讨论了刀刃法、脉冲法、点光源法,以及利用了周期性靶标（辐射状靶标）来在轨检测MTF的方法和流程.使用中巴资源一号02C卫星和中国资源3号卫星的实际数据进行了测试,对上述的几种MTF检测方法进行比较和分析,进而得到卫星传感器在轨MTF检测在不同情况下的最优化方法.

英文摘要：

Modulation Transfer Function （MTF） is a significant evaluation on the performance of optical imaging system. Its value can reflect the quality of imaging system directly. This paper introduced the theoretical basis of MTF and the principle of measuring MTF through remote sensing images, and summa- rized the calculation process of knife-edge method, pulse method, dot light source method and the periodic target method. With the images of CBERS-02C satellite and CBERS-03 satellite, this paper compared the different methods of on-orbit MTF measurement for the satellite sensors to find the most suitable one respectively used under different conditions.