碳足迹揭示了终端消费领域人类活动对于全球气候变化的影响,是碳排放研究从生产层面转向消费层面的重要标志。开展碳足迹研究可以揭示人类终端消费活动导致的碳排放以及消费能力、消费结构与碳足迹的关系,并最终服务于我国的环境外交。在分析传统生产层面碳排放研究、总结碳足迹研究最新进展的基础上,从气候变化研究领域中就人类活动进行研究的3大核心命题——“规律、权益、策略”出发,提出了碳足迹研究的基本理念、基本假设和基本判断,总结了相应的原则。最后,对生存型、发展型和奢侈型消费及相应碳排放进行了初步的判断和核算。
The carbon footprint indicates the effect of human final consumptions on global climate changes, and is a key sign of the turn from production- to consumption-based research on carbon emissions. The carbon emissions embodied in human final consumption and the relationship between carbon footprints and ability and structure of consumption can be showed by carrying out research on carbon footprint. Moreover, the corresponding conclu- sions will also serve our country's environmental diplomacy. Based on analyzing traditional production-based research of carbon emissions and summarizing latest research progress of carbon footprint, and proceeded from the three core propositions--"Law, Right and Interest, Countermeasure" of climate change related with human activities, this paper proposes the basic ideas, hypothesis and judgments of research on carbon footprint, and also the basic standing points. Finally, this paper carries out primary identification and calculation of threshold values of survival-, development-, luxury-oriented consumption and relevant carbon emissions.