在诸多民事权利制度中,知识产权具备更多科技含量和知识要素。一般认为:著作权发生在文化创作领域,与文化创新、文化产业息息相关;专利权产生于技术应用领域,与科技创新、科技产业紧密相连;商标权则运作于工商经营领域,涉及商品销售、市场贸易等诸多问题。在知识经济的时代条件下,知识产权的制度实施效果,关系到一国的经济发展、科技进步、文化与教育的繁荣;而在经济全球化的国际背景中,知识产权保护又事关国际政治、国际经贸、国际文化与科技的交流和合作。这就决定了,从民法学理论出发研究知识产权属性,当是应有之义;而结合人权理论、经济学、管理学以及政策科学,多视角、全方位来考察知识产权功能,亦非常必要。这有助于在不同学科层面揭示知识产权的基本蕴意,保持知识产权研究中的问题导向及方法的开放性。
Among the multifarious systems of civil law rights, intellectual property rights (IPR) score relatively high in terms of scientific and technological content and knowledge factors. It is generally accepted that copyright occurs in the realm of cultural creation, and is closely related to cultural innovation and the culture industry; patent rights arise in the field of technical applications, and are closely allied with technical innovation and the technology industry; and trademarks function in the area of business operations and involve a number of issues such as product sales and market trading. In the knowledge-based economy, the implementation of an IPR system can have a profound impact on a country's economic development, technological progress, and cultural and educational prosperity. And in the context of economic globalization, IPR protection also involves international politics and trade as well as cultural and technological exchanges and cooperation between countries.It is therefore both important and necessary for us to explore the attributes of IPR from the perspective of civil law, and to examine the functions of IPR from the multiple perspectives of human rights theories, economics, management and policy science. This helps us reveal the basic meaning of intellectual property rights from different disciplinary perspectives, and to maintain problem orientation and methodological openness in IPR research.