中文摘要：

回顾了从1996年10月起上海天文台与尼古拉耶夫天文台15年多的合作历程。1996-2003年上海天文台与尼古拉耶夫天文台第一和第二次合作课题是“从射电源光学对应体的CCD观测进一步研究射电和光学参考架的联系”，2004-2011年两台的合作协议包括用中国一乌克兰光学望远镜网观测快速运动的天体，特别是小行星、卫星和空间碎片，以及天文仪器研制、软件和旋转漂移扫描技术的应用等。最近的联合项目是“用CCD旋转漂移扫描照相机联合观测低轨的空间碎片”。本文简述了合作的科学成果，如光学和射电参考架的联系和联合观测小的空间碎片，上海天文台用中国的望远镜测定射电源光学对应体的位置，尼古拉耶夫天文台用轴向子午环编制射电源光学对应体附近的二级参考星星表。之后，此项目扩充为国际合作项目，参加国家有中国、土耳其、俄罗斯和乌克兰。射电和光学参考架联系的计算值表示指向角为零，精度为5mas。如果加入其他观测，则精度为3mas。为了观测低轨小的空间碎片，上海天文台和尼古拉耶夫天文台分别研制了带有CCD旋转漂移扫描照相机的望远镜。根据空间碎片的位置列表，已用这两台望远镜观测到一些碎片。双方正在编写空间碎片的轨道计算软件。在对两个轨道计算结果比较后，将建立一个空间碎片的联合网站。当前上海天文台与尼古拉耶夫天文台的合作正在继续进行中。

英文摘要：

Collaboration between SHAO and NAO, which has been carried out for more than 15 years since October 1996, is reviewed. The first and second collaborative projects ＂Angles refinement of connection of radio and optical reference frames on the basis of CCD observations for the optical counterparts of radio sources＂ between SHAO and NAO was implemented during 1996-2003. A Chinese-Ukrainiannetwork of optical telescopes for observing fast-moving objects, in particular asteroids, satellites and space debris, as well as astronomical instrumentation, software and use of rotating CCD camera in drift-scan mode were included in the agreements during 2004-2011. The latest joint project is called ＂Joint observation of space debris in low orbits with rotating CCD camera in drift-scan mode＂. The scientificresults, such as a link between the optical and radio reference frames and joint observation of small space debris, are introduced. The positions of optical counterparts of ERS were determined by SHAO usingtelescopes in China. A catalogue of second reference stars around the ERS was compiled by NAO using observations made with the Axial Meridian Circle. Later the project was expanded into an internationalJoint Project between astronomical observatories from China, Turkey, Russia and Ukraine. An estimate of the link between the optical and radio reference frames has shown that the orientation angles are closeto zero with an accuracy of about 5 mas. The link accuracy becomes 3 mas when the observations are combined with other studies. Two special telescopes with rotating CCD camera in drift-scan mode were constructed by SHAO and NAO for observing small space debris in low Earth orbits. Space debris objectsfrom a coordinated list are observed with these telescopes. Orbit calculation software is being developed by both sides. After performing orbit calculation and comparing the results, a joint web site of space debris orbits will be created. The long-term collaboration between SHAO and NAO still continues today.