中文摘要：

目的通过测评注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）动物模型幼年自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）的注意定势转移能力，探讨呱醋甲酯（利地林）和瑞波西汀对ADHD大鼠模型注意定势转移能力的改善作用。方法4周雄性SHR27只随机分为SHR呱醋甲酯组（SR）9只、SHR瑞波西汀组（SRB）10只和SHR生理盐水对照组（SN）8只，WKY大鼠对照组（WN）8只。SR组腹腔注射“呱醋甲酯”5mg·kg^-1·d^-19d，SRB组腹腔注射瑞波西汀10mg·k^-1·d9d，SN对照组按同期对照原则注射等量生理盐水。投药的第6～9d连续完成注意定势转移能力测评，记录评定注意定势转移任务的循环数。结果①SHR在简单辨别阶段（SD）、复杂辨别阶段（CD）、复杂辨别反向阶段（CDR）、内维度转换阶段（IDS）、外维度转换阶段（EDS）能够连续6次正确完成操作任务所需要的次数明显多于WKY大鼠（P〈0．05～P〈0．01）。②SR组大鼠在上述所有阶段完成任务所需要的循环次数都较SN对照组减少（P〈0．05），不过在内维度转换反向阶段（IDSR）两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③SRB组大鼠在完成所有阶段任务所需要的循环次数都较SN对照组减少（P〈0．05），不过在复习辨别反向阶段（CDRre）两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论幼年SHR存在注意定势转移能力缺陷，“呱醋甲酯”和瑞波西汀均可以改善SHR注意定势转移能力。

英文摘要：

Objective To evaluate the improvement effects of both ritalin and reboxetine on attentional set shifting in juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats （ SHRs）, an animal model of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.Methods Twenty-seven 4 week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into ritalin （ SR, n = 9）, reboxetine （ SRB, n = 10）, saline （SN, n =8） and control groups respectively. The ritalin group （5 mg/kg, i. p. ） and reboxetine group （10 mg/kg, i. p. ） were administrated once daily for 9 days. The control group were treated by saline. Attentional set shifting test were observed from day 6 to day 9 during ritalin or reboxetine administration. The number of trails were recored as index of the ability of attentional set shifting. Results ①The number of trails to reach the criterion of six consecutive was significantly more in the SN group than those of WN group in the stages of simple discrimination （SD）, compound discrimination （CD）, CD reversal phase （CDR）, intra dimensional shift （IDS） and extra dimensional shift （EDS） （P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ）. ② Ritalin administration significantly decreased the number of trails to reach the criterion of six consecutive as compared with SN in all stages excepting IDSR （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01 ）. ③The number of trails to reach the criterion of six consecutive was also significantly more in the SN group than in SRB in all stage excepting CD reversal phase repeat（CDRre） （P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈0. 01 ）. Conclusions The juvenile SHRs have a defect of attentional set shifting, and both ritalin and reboxetine can improve the ability of attentional set shifting in SHRs.