中文摘要：

为查明我国典型矿石墨的矿物学特征,采用XRD、FESEM-EDS、TEM和Raman光谱等表征手段对来自不同产地石墨样品的成分、结构与性质进行了研究。结果表明,晶质与隐晶质石墨分别由微米级和纳米级石墨鳞片组成,主要的区别为前者有更大的微晶尺寸;各样品均为2H型石墨结构,同时不同程度地含有3R型多型,轴长a=0.243~0.249 nm,c=0.672~0.677 nm,晶胞体积V在0.0347~0.0362 nm3之间,晶胞体积随晶体结构中O含量的增加而增大。天然产出石墨的石墨化度较高,最高可达1,由于后期地质作用或人工加工改造,引入次生缺陷,导致其石墨化度降低,结构无序度增高。晶质和隐晶质石墨的氧化起始温度分别为700~800℃和600~650℃,粒度越细的晶质石墨氧化起始温度越低。在水中石墨表面荷负电,p H为10.5时具有带电量的极大值,晶质石墨疏水性和导电性均强于隐晶质石墨。

英文摘要：

To investigate the mineralogical characteristics of some typical graphite samples in China, the structure, composition, physical and chemical properties were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDS, TEM and Raman etc analysis methods. The results show that the phaneritic and adiagnostic graphite are both consist of graphite flakes, the main difference is the crystallite size of the former is lager; both kinds of graphite are in 2H-structure, and a certain degree of 3R-structure, a is from 0.243 nm to 0.249 nm, c is from 0.672 nm to 0.677 nm, the unit cell volume（V） is from 0.0347 nm3 to 0.0362 nm3 and V increases with the O content of the crystalline structure. The graphitization degree（r） of the samples is very high which can reach 1. Because of the later transformation by geological or artificial process, the secondary defect was introduced into the structure, lead to the decrease of r and increase of disorder degree. The initial oxidation temperature（T） of both kinds of graphite samples are from 700 ℃ to 800 ℃ and from 600 ℃ to 650 ℃, respectively, and smaller the particle size leads to lower T. The surface of the graphite is charged in negative electricity in water, and the maximum charge value is at p H10.5. The hydrophobic property and electro conductivity of phaneritic graphite are better than those of adiagnostic graphite.