中文摘要：

非旋转轴对称光学系统波像差理论的建立有利于理解旋转轴对称光学系统的装调误差和离轴三反射光学系统等非旋转轴对称光学系统的选型设计.本文利用旋转轴对称球面光学系统的全口径初级波像差理论推导了子孔径面对称光学系统的初级波像差分布公式,证明了面对称光学系统中的节点像差理论,即除球差外的所有初级像差的零值节点偏离视场中心,而不再是视场的旋转对称函数;并首次阐述了多零值节点初级非对称像差产生的根源和变化特性.该理论可以有效指导非对称光学系统初始结构的选择和优化设计过程.

英文摘要：

The wave aberration theory of non-symmetrical optical systems is useful for understanding the misalignment in symmetrical systems and designing of off-axis mirror systems. A theory about the third-order aberrations for sub-aperture plane symmetric optical system is developed by using the aberration theory for full-aperture axially symmetric spherical systems. This paper proves the nodal aberration theory, namely, the points in the field with zero third-order aberration will deviate from the field center except for spherical aberration. It also reveals that the nodal aberrations arise from the transformation of the aberrations in full-aperture systems. This theory can be efficiently used in non-symmetric optical system designing process.