中文摘要：

目的从行为学、形态学、电生理学和分子生物学等不同层面研究重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VaD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分为假手术组6只,VaD组6只,rTMS组8只。治疗后进行Morris水迷宫行为学测试,记录各组大鼠海马长时程增强效应（LTP）。应用Western blot技术及免疫组织化学技术检测海马脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR）蛋白的表达。应用HE染色,观察各组大鼠海马CA1、CA3区细胞形态。结果 VaD组和rTMS组水迷宫检测均显示全时程平均逃避潜伏期较假手术组明显延长（P〈0.05）,rTMS组较VaD组明显缩短（P〈0.05）;VaD组和rTMS组在原平台象限游泳时间和在原平台象限游泳路程占总路程百分比较假手术组明显缩短[（5.50±0.83）s、（9.76±1.56）s vs（13.53±3.70）s,（19.78±3.54）%、（30.33±3.82）%vs（46.73±14.08）%,P〈0.05],rTMS组较VaD组明显延长（P〈0.05）。rTMS组LTP,海马BDNF、NMDAR表达较VaD组显著升高。光镜下可见,rTMS组海马CA1、CA3区神经细胞排列、层次数量、细胞受损程度均明显改善。结论 rTMS可上调大鼠海马BDNF、NMDAR的表达,从而促使LTP形成,增强突触可塑性,改善大鼠空间记忆能力及认知功能。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（rTMS）on learning and memory of vascular dementia（VaD）rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats were divided into sham operation group（n=6）,VaD group（n=6）,and rTMS group（n=8）.Their spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test after rTMS.Their LTP was recorded.Expression of BDNF and NMDAR in hippocampus was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry respectively.Morphology of cells in CA1 and CA3 was observed with HE staining.Results Morris water maze test showed that the average escape lantent period was significantly longer in VaD group and rTMS group than in sham operation group and significantly shorter in rTMS group than in VaD group（P0.05）.The swimming time and the swimming distance proportion of the total distance in platform quadrant were significantly shorter in VaD group and rTMS group than in sham operation group（P0.05）.The LTP and expression levels of BDNF and NMDAR1 were significantly higher in rTMS group than in VaD group（P0.05）.Optical microscopy showed that the arrangement and damage of nerve cells in CA1 and CA3were noticeably improved in rTMS group.Conclusion rTMS promotes LTP and improves spatial memory and congnition in VaD rats by upregulating the expression of BDNF and NMDAR in hippocampus.