中文摘要：

酶是一种绿色、安全、高效、专一的生物催化剂，在反应中具有能耗小、可循环利用和选择性高等优点，更重要的是酶催化聚合能够制备传统的化学催化无法（或难以）实现的聚合物，具有一定的工业化前景。本文简述了酶催化的发展历程、机理以及其制备特殊结构和功能聚合物材料的特点，特别是脂肪酶催化下的开环聚合相对于缩聚反应来说，具有反应条件温和、分子量和结构可控性好等优势，因此重点描述脂肪酶催化开环聚合在合成不同拓扑结构（线型、支化、交联）聚合物中的研究进展。

英文摘要：

Enzyme is a green, safe, efficient and specific biocatalyst with advantages of low energy consumption, recyclability and high selectivity. It is more important that enzyme-catalyzed polymerization may lead to polymers which cannot be （easily） prepared by conventional chemical catalysis. Therefore, enzymatic polymerization possesses definite potential for industrialization. This review describes the development of enzyme catalyst, its catalytic mechanism as well as its character of preparation for polymeric materials with special structure and functionality. The lipase-catalyzed ring- opening polymerization is especially advantageous to condensation polymerization with the aspects of mid reaction condition and good control over molecular weight and structure. Therefore, lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization to synthesize polymers of different topologies （linear, branched, crosslinked） is emphasized.