中文摘要：

针对部件和系统故障建模与故障仿真的问题，提出一种基于等效模型置换的故障建模方法。在充分利用经验知识并尽力避免建立复杂模型的前提下，实现故障的有效模拟，形成通用的故障等效模型置换实施步骤。以液浮陀螺为例，首先分析工作机理，建立正常模型，并划分功能模块。然后结合功能分层思想和故障树分析方法进行故障模式分析，将故障分级归类。最后故障仿真实例表明，文中提出的故障建模方法能够有效模拟出陀螺故障特征，对一般系统或部件的故障建模问题具有积极的指导作用。

英文摘要：

A fault modeling method based on equivalent model substitution is presented. It can take full advantage of expert experience and extremely avoid complicated modeling. The general fault model and the equivalence substi- tution process are also given in this paper. In order to validate the method, a liquid floated gyro is taken for exam- pie. Firstly, the normal model is developed and partitioned into modules with the gyro mechanism. Then, the fault modes are analyzed with fault tree and hierarchy of functions in order to perform fault classification. Finally, the simulation results and their analysis show preliminarily that the and play an active and instructive role in the research on fault proposed method can simulate gyro faults effectively modeling for general systems or components.