中文摘要：

集中于三灰尘下暴雨发生在春天 2001，我们开发了一个详细喷雾器 parameterization 计划并且综合它在中国荒芜的区域和北方太平洋上在一个放射的转移模型指导放射的效果在灰尘上描绘太阳的高度角度的可能的影响，用实际每天太阳的高度角度。从早春的增加的太阳的高度角度(或冬季) 晚跳(或夏天) 导致积极晴朗天空的增加放射的强迫，并且在空气的顶的由于灰尘喷雾器的否定放射的强迫的减少。因为太阳的高度角度增加从对迟了的春天早，放射的强迫可以变化从的灰尘清楚的天空对否定在空气的顶积极，从冷却到在高反照率的沙漠和附近的区域上地球空气系统加热显示出一个变化。在低反照率的海洋上否定晴朗天空由灰尘的放射的强迫可以减少，建议一个变化从对在地球空气系统上的弱冷却强壮。多云的天空上的太阳的高度角度的影响由于灰尘的放射的强迫类似于晴朗天空的那些。放射的强迫与增加表面反照率一样的灰尘上的低云的影响。这引起使效果凉下来进在沙漠上加热效果更早发生的灰尘的转变，并且引起在海洋甚至原因上的否定放射的强迫的减少一个变化从弱否定放射的强迫到在本地区域上的弱积极强迫。甚至在一样的东方亚洲人沙漠区域和附近的区域，放射的 forcings 的力量和符号依靠暴风雨朋友和这样太阳的高度角度。越接近早春(或冬季) 灰尘暴风雨发生，它越 easier 导致在空气的顶的否定放射的强迫，它在地球空气系统上显示冷却效果。相反，越接近迟了的春天(或夏天) 灰尘暴风雨发生，它越 easier 导致在空气的顶的积极放射的强迫，出现加热效果。在东方亚洲沙漠和附近的区域上，灰尘层可以被认为是在早春(冬季) 使来源凉下来，温暖在迟了的春天(夏天) 采购原料。

英文摘要：

Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001, we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle on dust direct radiative effects over China desert regions and the North Pacific, using actual daily solar altitude angles. Increasing solar altitude angle from early spring （or winter） to late spring （or summer） leads to increase of positive clear sky radiative forcing, and decrease of negative radiative forc- ing due to dust aerosols at the top of the atmosphere. Because solar altitude angle increases from early to late spring, dust-clear sky radiative forcing may change from negative to positive at the top of atmosphere, showing a change from cooling to heating of the earth-atmosphere system over high-albedo deserts and nearby regions. Over low-albedo ocean negative clear sky radiative forcing by dust may decrease, suggesting a change from strong to weak cooling on the earth-atmosphere system. The impacts of solar altitude angle on cloudy sky radiative forcing due to dust are similar to those of clear sky. Impacts of low cloud on dust ra- diative forcing are the same as increasing surface albedo. This causes the transition of dust cooling effects into heating effects over deserts to occur earlier, and causes decrease of negative radiative forcing over the ocean and even cause a change from weak negative radiative forcing to weak positive forcing over local areas. Even in the same East Asian desert regions and nearby areas, the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude angle. The nearer to early spring （or winter） a dust storm occurs, the easier it leads to negative radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere, which indicates cooling ef- fects on the earth-atmosphere system. In contrast, the nearer to late spring （or summer） a dust storm occurs, the easier it leads to positive radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere, showing heating