中文摘要：

目的探讨产妇不同分娩方式产褥期阴道微生态的变化及相关影响因素，为临床预防和控制产妇菌群失衡提供依据。方法选择2011年7月-2012年6月在门诊产后6～8周330例产妇，剖宫产组190例、正常分娩组140例，对阴道分泌物进行微生态检测，并检测血液性激素水平，记录产褥期血性恶露干净时间和哺乳方式，采用SPSS13．0软件统计进行统计分析，并对相关因素采用logistic回归分析。结果剖宫产组和正常分娩组菌群临界率分别占49．29％和59．47％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；剖宫产组细菌性阴道病（BV）发生率为42．14％，高于正常分娩组的31．58％（P〈0．05）；剖宫产乳杆菌阳性率为11．43％，低于正常分娩组15．26％（P〈0．05）；剖宫产组和正常分娩组pH值分别为（6．21±0．54）和（5．62±0．60），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；剖宫产组恶露持续时间为（33．17±3．32）d，高于正常分娩组的（30．48±3．76）d（P〈0．05）；正常分娩组催乳激素、孕酮和雌二醇均高于剖宫产组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；经logistic分析，乳杆菌、pH值、BV、恶露持续时间和性激素为微生态的相关影响因素（P〈0．05）。结论产妇产后6～8周阴道微生态失衡，乳杆菌数量下降，并受到性激素、BV、乳杆菌以及恶露持续时间等因素影响。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the change of vaginal microflora of maternals undergoing different delivery modes during puerperium so as to provide basis for clinical prevention and control of imbalance of flora. METHODS A total of 330 pregnant women, who have gave birth for 6-8 weeks at the outpatient department from Jul 2011 to Jun 2012, were enrolled in the study and divided into the cesarean section group with 190 cases and the normal parturition group with 140 cases, then microecosystem detection was performed for vaginal secretions, the level of blood hormones was determined, the puerperal bloody lochia clean time and feeding modes were recorded, the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS13.0 software, and the logistic regression analysis was conducted for the related factors. RESULTS The critical rate of flora was 49.29X in the cesarean section group, 59.47% in the normal parturition group, the differenve was significant（P〈0. 05）; the incidence of bacterial vaginosis was 42.14% in the cesarean section group, higher than 31. 58% of the normal parturition group（P〈 0.05） ; the positive rate of Lactobacillus was 11.43% in the cesarean section group, lower than 15.26% in the normal parturition group （P〈0.05）; the PH value was （6.21 ± 0.54） in the cesarean section group, （5.62±0.60） in the normal parturition group （P〈：0.05） ; the duration of lochia was （33.17±3.32） days in the cesarean section group, longer than（30.48±3.76）days in the normal parturition group（P〈0.05） ; the levels of the prolac- tin, progesterone, and estradiol of the normal parturition group were significamtly higher than those of the cesarean section group （P〈0.05）. The logistic analysis indicated that Lactobacillus, pH value, bacterial vaginosis, duration of lochia, and hormones were the influencing factors for microflora （P%0.05）. CONCLUSION The vaginal microecosystem loses balance after delivery for 6-8 weeks, Lactobacillus counts are decreased, which is influenced by hormo