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中文摘要：
通过2007—2010年田间定位试验,研究了平衡施肥、常规施肥和无肥（或低肥）条件下,免耕、深松和翻耕处理对渭北旱塬冬小麦-春玉米轮作田土壤贮水量、作物产量、水分利用效率（WUE）和纯收益的影响.结果表明：休闲期免耕处理蓄水保墒效果最好,深松次之,翻耕最差;轮作田生育期内免耕和深松处理0~200 cm平均土壤贮水量分别较翻耕提高6.7%和1.9%;各施肥条件下作物产量、WUE和纯收益均以深松处理最高,且以平衡施肥深松处理表现最好,2007—2008年冬小麦、2009年春玉米、2009—2010年冬小麦产量分别为6909、9689、5589 kg.hm-2,WUE分别为18.5、25.2、23.0 kg.hm-2.mm-1,纯收益分别为5034、5045、7098元.hm-2.因此,平衡施肥与深松组合处理的蓄水保墒和增产增收效果最好,是渭北旱塬冬小麦-春玉米轮作田较适合的施肥耕作模式.
英文摘要：
A field experiment was conducted in 2007-2010 to study the effects of no-tillage,sub-soiling,and deep-ploughing combined with balanced fertilization,traditional fertilization,and no（or lower amount） fertilization on the soil water storage,crop yield,water use efficiency（WUE）,and economic return of winter wheat-spring maize rotation field in Weibei highland.Among the tillage measures,no-tillage in fallow period had the best effect in soil water conservation,followed by sub-soiling,and deep-ploughing.The average water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer in crop growth period under no-tillage and sub-soiling was 6.7% and 1.9% higher than that under deep-ploughing,respectively.Under the balanced,traditional,and no（or lower amount） fertilizations,sub-soiling all showed the highest yield,WUE,and economic return,with the best effect under balanced fertilization.The three-year crop yield under sub-soiling combined with balanced fertilization was 6909,9689,and 5589 kg·hm-2,WUE was 18.5,25.2,and 23.0 kg·hm-2·mm-1,and economic return was 5034,5045,and 7098 yuan·hm-2,respectively.It was suggested that balanced fertilization combined with sub-soiling had the best effect in soil water conservation and yield-and income increase,being the more appropriate fertilization and tillage mode for the wheat-maize rotation field in Weibei highland.
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