中文摘要：

中国和美国分别作为发展中国家和发达国家的代表,两国开发利用地下水较早,在地下水开发利用过程中积累了丰富的经验。通过介绍两国地下水资源开发利用的现状,揭示其多年地下水用水量的变化规律,并进行对比分析。结果表明：近年来,两国地下水用水量仍超过1000×10~8m^3/a,地下水用水量占总用水量的比例均为20%左右,其中约有60%用于农业灌溉,三个指标整体上均呈现减少趋势。在人口、人均GDP和有效灌溉面积三个影响因素中,两国地下水用水量的首要影响因素均是有效灌溉面积。调水工程的兴建,可缓解地下水开采压力,有效地减少了地下水用水量。与美国相比,中国的用水效率较低,今后应进一步推广节水技术,加强地下水资源管理。

英文摘要：

China and USA are representatives of developing and developed countries respectively. Both of them exploited and utilized groundwater at a early time,and have accumulated abundant experiences in the process. This paper examines the status of exploiting and utilizing groundwater and reveals the law of groundwater use for many years in China and USA. The results show that the groundwater use is still over 100 billion m^3/ a in recent years. The groundwater use accounts for about 20% of the total water use, and approximately 60% is used for agricultural irrigation. The overall trend of three indexes has declined. The primary factor of groundwater use is the effective irrigated land area among the influencing factors including the population,per capita GDP and the effective irrigated land area. With the establishment of the water diversion project,the stress from the groundwater exploitation is released and the groundwater use is reduced. The water utilization efficiency of China is low,compared with that of USA. More efforts are made to extend the watersaving technology and strengthen the management of groundwater resources in the future.