中文摘要：

探讨高脂饮食对健康小鼠肠道菌群的影响。正常对照组饲喂普通饲料,高脂组饲喂高脂饲料。实验期间每周利用传统培养法和荧光原位杂交（fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH）技术对小鼠进行肠道微生物菌群结构信息的分析。结果表明：高脂组的小鼠体质量与正常对照组相比显著增加（P〈0.01）,呈明显肥胖态;传统培养法与FISH技术得到的肠道菌群数量变化趋势一致,但FISH技术检测得到的菌落数要明显地高于传统培养法。高脂组小鼠肠道中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠球菌的数量显著降低,与正常对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）;而肠道中肠杆菌的数量呈上升趋势,与正常对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）。提示高脂饮食能显著改变健康小鼠肠道菌群的结构从而引发慢性低度炎症,并可能进一步诱导肥胖的产生。

英文摘要：

In order to explore the effect of high fat diet on mouse intestinal flora,the composition of intestinal flora in mice fed high fat diet as the obesity model and normal diet as the control were analyzed by conventional cultivation method and fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）.The results indicated that the obesity model group had a significantly heavier body weight than the control group（P 0.01）.The change trend of intestinal microflora evaluated by FISH was consistent with that determined by conventional cultivation method;however,the number of bacteria determined by FISH was obviously higher than that from conventional cultivation method.The numbers of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterococcus revealed an obvious decrease（P〈0.01）,and the number of Enterobacteriaceae revealed an obvious increase（P〈0.05） in the obesity group compared with the control group.Therefore,high fat diet can greatly alter the structure of intestinal flora,resulting in a low-grade inflammation and induce the development of obesity.