中文摘要：

城市地面沉降与地下水开采引发的饱和土体压缩固结密切相关，Biot固结理论准确的描述了孔隙水压力消散与土体骨架变形的相互关系，以该理论为基础建立的多孔介质流固耦合模型在地面沉降数值计算中得到了广泛的应用。在调研大量相关文献后，对Biot固结理论研究进展和获取Biot系数的试验方法等方面进行了系统的总结和阐述，综述了国内外以为Biot固结理论基础的地面沉降研究成果，认为其能较好的反映地面沉降的真实规律，同时提出Biot固结理论在饱和土体的各向异性、应力应变本构关系方面与土体的实际变形特性存在差异等问题，因此仍具有进一步研究和完善的空间。

英文摘要：

Urban land subsidence is closely related to saturated soil compression and consolidation,induced by groundwater exploitation.Biot consolidation theory describes the interrelation between the vanishing of pore water pressure and the deformation of the soil mass skeleton.This review systematically presents the research progress of Biot consolidation theory,including the experimental method of obtaining the Biot coefficient.The research results of the application of Biot consolidation theory at home and abroad are summarized in this review.Biot consolidation theory is thought to better reflect the true law of land subsidence.This review also proposes that Biot consolidation theory has differences with actual deformation behavior in saturated soil anisotropy and the stress-strain dynamic constitutive relationship.These research topics need future study and analysis.