中文摘要：

细胞自噬（autophagy）是从酵母到哺乳动物都高度保守的、降解胞内物质的过程,受到能量和营养等信号的严格调控。已有研究表明,哺乳动物中高脂饮食可诱导肝脏内自噬的发生,某些自噬相关基因（autophagy related genes,Atg）敲除后阻碍肝脏细胞的脂代谢,并导致脂滴堆积,形成脂肪肝。昆虫中的现有研究也暗示细胞自噬与昆虫脂肪体的代谢密切相关。目前为止,细胞自噬调控脂代谢的研究还有许多不明之处。除已报道的ATG蛋白外是否其他ATG蛋白也参与脂代谢尚无报道;已知的参与脂代谢的ATG蛋白分子作用模式不清楚;溶酶体中哪些酶参与了自噬介导的脂代谢也未被证实。ATG蛋白差异参与真菌和高等动物的脂滴形成与脂肪降解,但具体机制不详,昆虫的进化地位介于高等动物和真菌之间,昆虫中开展自噬介导脂代谢的研究对于解析高等动物的疾病诸如肥胖症、高血脂症,及以昆虫脂肪体代谢发育为调控靶标的工作具有重要意义。为此,本文对主要在哺乳动物中获得的自噬介导脂代谢的研究进展进行综述,并对脂代谢的一些研究方法和检测技术进行了总结,以期为昆虫乃至其他生物的相关研究提供借鉴与参考。

英文摘要：

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process of intracellular self-degradation,which is well conserved from yeasts to mammals and strictly regulated by upstream signaling pathways such as energy and nutrient. Studies in mammals have shown that autophagy has a close relationship with lipid metabolism.Autophagy could be induced by high level of lipid in dietary,while knockout of some autophagy related genes（ Atg） can block lipid degradation in liver and cause accumulation of lipid droplets. Studies in insects also imply that autophagy is important for lipid degradation. Up to now,there are still many questions remaining unanswered on the autophagy-mediated lipid metabolism. Besides a few identified ATG proteins,whether some other ATG proteins are also involved in lipid metabolism has not been reported. The molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism regulated by identified ATG proteins is unclear.What enzymes in the lysosome participate in autophagy-mediated lipid metabolism has not been confirmed. In addition, ATG proteins differently participate in lipid droplet formation and lipid degradation in fungi and higher animals,but the mechanism is unknown. The evolutionary status of insects is between fungi and higher animals,the studies of autophagy-mediated lipid metabolism in insects will be helpful for uncovering the mechanisms underlying obesity and hyperlipidemia in higher animals,and also have great significance in the researches with the metabolism and development in the fat body of insects as the regulating targets. So in this article we summarized the progress of autophagy-mediated lipid metabolism mainly in mammals,and introduced the research methods and detection techniques of lipid metabolism to enlighten the related studies in insects and other organisms.