中文摘要：

砷是一种剧毒物质,环境中的砷对人体健康存在潜在威胁,因此长期以来备受关注。微生物的各种代谢过程对砷在环境中的归趋起着重要作用,其中砷还原微生物能将吸附于固体矿物中的As（V）还原为可溶性强的As（III）,使砷进入液相,从而加剧了地下水等饮用水源的砷污染。论文主要介绍了两种微生物砷还原机制（异化砷还原和细胞质砷还原）在作用机理、蛋白质结构和表达调控等方面的研究进展,旨在为更深入理解微生物介导砷的生物地球化学循环以及砷污染的微生物修复技术提供参考。

英文摘要：

Arsenic is of great concern for a long time due to its poisonous potential to human health.Microbes play an important role in the transformation of arsenic in the environment.It has been suggested that arsenate reducing bacteria could reduce As（V） on mineral surfaces to the aquifer As（III）,resulting in the contamination of groundwater.This review mainly focuses on the advances of two arsenate reducing systems in prokaryotes（dissimilatory arsenate reduction and cytoplasmic arsenate reduction）,including their molecular mechanisms,regulations of gene expression,crystal structures of proteins which involved in the reduction of arsenate.The aim is to provide better understanding on the microbial mediated biogeocycle of arsenic and information for the development of novel remediation strategies.