中文摘要：

随着世界石油资源重质化程度的加深，降低油品粘度成为石油开发和储运过程中的一项重要任务。本文利用微波的特殊加热机理采用微波对大港、大庆、辽河以及苏丹和委内瑞拉原油进行了处理，研究微波作用对不同原油粘度的影响。结果表明：微波作用对不同的原油的影响具有很大差别。微波可以有效降低某些原油的粘度，对于这类原油，微波作用后其中的饱和分和芳香分特别是芳香分含量显著增加；色质分析亦表明微波作用后芳香分中苯的同系物增加。这可能是因为胶质和沥青质具有较强的极性，微波可选择性地加热此类物质，使得原油中的胶团体系被破坏，释放出包裹在其中的饱和分和芳香分。但对大庆等原油粘度升高的原因还有待进一步研究。

英文摘要：

As the petroleum resources is getting heavier, heavy oil exploitation and transportation be- come particularly important. The influence of microwave treatment on crude oil properties was investigated using a single mode microwave system based on its special heating mechanism. SARA compositional analy- sis and GC-MS were analyzed to find the reasons why microwave irradiation can alter the oils properties. Significant difference was found when use microwave heating treatment on different crude oils. SARA components were found changed after microwave heating. It is also deduced that if the aromatic content in- creases, the viscosity of this crude oil will decrease under microwave irradiation. The decrease of viscosity may be due to the reason that the components of resin and asphaltene are polar molecular materials： resin and asphaltene can absorb microwaves more efficiently, therefore the micelles are broken by microwaves, saturates and aromatics will then be released, leading the viscosity of crude oil decrease. However, the reason for the increase of crude viscosity is still unknown. Future work will be concentrated on fractions through atmospheric and vacuum distillation.