中文摘要：

毛竹原产中国,主要分布于黄河流域,后被引种至世界多个国家。毛竹具有较高的生物资源多样性,主要体现在表型多样性和遗传多样性两方面。（1）毛竹与其种下的23种变种和栽培变型间、毛竹天然居群间以及毛竹各种源间均显示出丰富的表型多样性,但其多样性变异趋势与地理位置趋势不一致,可能是由毛竹的居群间的交叉和种源之间相互引种导致的。（2）多种分子标记技术分析表明毛竹作为一个克隆植物具有较高的基因型多样性,且毛竹各居群间、各种源都存在显著的遗传分化。但高强度集约经营和人工干涉已经影响到了毛竹遗传多样性的保护,毛竹天然居群不断减少,另外毛竹作为优秀的经济竹种,其种源试验和遗传多样性的研究开展较晚且不够系统,最后毛竹种下栽培变种和变型较多且无统一整理。通过对毛竹资源多样性的归纳和总结,强调了保护毛竹生物资源多样性的重要性,为今后毛竹种质资源收集和保存、引种选育等提出新的策略和思路。

英文摘要：

Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens is a bamboo species native to China and has been introduced to and cultivated in many other countries all over the world. The diversity in biological resources of Ph. heterocycla cv. pubescens is reflected by its phenotypic diversity and genetic diversity. Many phenotypic and genetic differences had been found between populations,provenances and between its 23 forms and cultural varieties. However,these differences showed no clear trend of geographical location. This might be due to the long,unclear history of cross introduction of Ph. edulis between populations. Analyses on genetic diversity of Ph. heterocycla cv. pubescens showed that it has a relatively higher genetic diversity as a clone plant,and a significant genetic differentiation has been found between populations,provenances,forms and cultural varieties. Based on the review on biodiversity researches of Ph. heterocycla cv. pubescens,the importance of protecting the biological resource diversity of Ph. heterocycla cv. pubescens were stressed and further strategy and ideas on germplasm collection and preservation were suggested.