中文摘要：

初步建立了以二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶等作为主要研究对象的全球环境大气输送模式（Global Environmental Atmospheric Transport Model,GEATM）,其水平分辨率为1°×1°,垂直方向分为20层,采用地形追随坐标系,考虑了上述大气化学成分的地面源排放、平流与扩散、化学转化以及干沉降、湿清除等过程.利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料作为驱动气象场,对2004年进行长期模拟,分析了二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶的浓度分布和输送态势.与观测的比较表明,模式对于大气化学成分分布状况具有较强的模拟能力,在欧洲的Jarczew和Leba观测站,二氧化硫日平均浓度的相关系数分别达到了0.69和0.66;在中国,有47个站点的二氧化硫日平均浓度相关系数高于0.50,其中北京、天津、上海等28个站点的浓度相关系数达到了0.60以上.同时,模拟的沙尘气溶胶总体柱浓度分布状况与卫星观测输出的气溶胶光学厚度具有很好的一致性,体现了气溶胶粒子的输送态势和分布特征.模拟结果显示二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳的浓度高值区主要位于污染排放较大的欧洲、东亚和北美地区,二氧化硫地面最大年均浓度值为1500×10^-12,硫酸盐为500×10^-12,黑碳气溶胶为1000ng/m^3.沙尘浓度与下垫面土壤类型以及地面气象条件关系密切,全球沙尘浓度主要分布在撒哈拉沙漠、阿拉伯半岛、中亚地区、澳大利亚西部以及拉丁美洲南部地区,并且呈现了较为显著的季节变化特征,撒哈拉沙漠输送最强时期是在6～8月,影响范围覆盖了整个赤道大西洋,最西端伸展到了北美的加勒比海地区;阿拉伯半岛沙尘输送最强时期是3～8月,影响范围包括阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区;亚洲在3～5月有非常强烈的沙尘东传过程,浓度输送带一直贯穿了整个北太平洋地区.

英文摘要：

A global environmental atmospheric transport model （GEATM） with 1°×1° horizontal resolution and 20 layers vertical resolution is developed to study atmospheric components such as sulfur dioxide, sulfate, black carbon and dust aerosol on a global scale. This model uses a terrain following altitude coordinate and adequately considers a series of complex processes including emission, advection, diffusion, chemistry, and deposition. By taking NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis data as metrological driver, the GEATM simulated the global distributions and the transport patterns of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, black carbon and dust aerosol in 2004. The comparison with observation indicates that GEATM has good ability in modeling spatial and temporal distribution of these atmospheric species. At Jarczew and Leha, local stations in Europe, the correlation coefficients of observed and simulated daily mean concentration of sulfur dioxide are 0.69 and 0. 66, respectively. In China, there are 47 stations＇ correlation coefficients beyond 0. 50. And the correlations of 28 stations, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and so on, are high up to 0.60. The comparison with satellite also shows that the distribution of dust aerosol column is consistent with the aerosol optical depth of MOD08_M3. Simulated results indicate that the high concentration regions of sulfur dioxide, sulfate and black carbon mainly are located in Europe, East Asia and North America, accompanied with large emission of pollutants. The maximal surface concentration of sulfur dioxide, sulfate and black carbon is 1500 × 10^-12, 500 × 10^-12 and 1000 ng/m^3 , respectively. Dust aerosol distribution has remarkable relationship with underlying surface soil type and metrological condition. The major high dust aerosol concentration centers are located over Sahara, Arabia, Mid- dle Asia, Australia and the southern part of Latin America These high dust centers exhibit distinct seasonal cycle. The maximum transport of the Sahara dust is from June to August, transporting westwar