中文摘要：

海上风力资源以其自身优势与丰富的储量，已成为未来风力发电重要的发展方向。随着陆上风力发电的饱和，风力发电逐渐呈现出向海上发展的趋势。但因海上风电具有不同于陆上的特点，许多关键问题有待进一步研究解决，尤其是海上风电机组极易遭受雷击，而雷电灾害是威胁风力发电安全的重要因素。对此本文从海上风电场的机组尺寸、地理位置和海洋环境等方面归纳总结了海上风电场雷击防护的特点，从雷电先导发展机理、叶片接闪器与导流通道雷击放电物理特性、雷击风机叶片机械爆裂损伤机理和海上风电机组雷电强场电磁暂态过程等方面分析了国内外现有海上风电雷击演化物理机制方面的研究现状，并据此提出海上风电防雷方面有待深入研究的四个课题方向。

英文摘要：

Offshore direction of wind energy, wind power has become the due to its advantages and the most important development vast offshore wind resources. As a saturated industry, the onshore wind farm witnesses the flourish of offshore ones. However, there are still a mess of key issues remained to be solved, which attribute to the difference between offshore wind power generation and onshore one, one of which is that wind turbines are particularly vulnerable to lightning strokes, and it is one of severest threatens to the security of wind farms. This paper summarizes the characteristics of offshore wind farms in the aspects of the dimension, location of wind turbines and its marine environment. The recent progress of physical evolution mechanism of lightning discharge including the mechanism of leader propagation, lightning discharge characteristics of receptor and down conductors, damage mechanism of wind turbine blades and electromagnetic transient process of offshore wind turbines is also introduced to proposethe potential frontier subjectin this field.