中文摘要：

目的 探讨基于运动想象的脑机接口康复训练对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能改善的认知机制。方法 7名严重运动功能障碍的脑卒中患者接受基于运动想象的脑机接口（brain computer interface, BCI）康复训练,每周治疗3次，每次1.5个小时，持续治疗2个月。运动想象期间的脑电信号被同步记录并于治疗前后进行对比分析 并分别于治疗前后对患者上肢运动功能进行Fugl—Meyer motor assessment（FMA）和上肢动作研究测试（action research arm test，ARAT）的评定。结果 经过两个月的BCI康复训练，患者事件相关去同步信号（event-related desynchronization, ERD）的认知时间显著缩短（P〈0.05），认知程度显著增强（P〈0.05） 治疗后ERD的认知时间和认知程度与FMA和ARAT评分显著相关（P〈0.05）。结论 基于运动想象的BCI康复训练对于卒中患者处理运动相关的认知时间的改善，认知程度的增强，是提高脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的一个重要因素。

英文摘要：

Objective to explore the cognitive mechanism of improvement through motor imager-based Brain Computer Interfaee（BCI）rehabilitation training on upper limb motor function for stroke patients. Methods Seven stroke patients with sever upper limb movement function impairment were treated with motor imagery-based BCI rehabilitation training for 2 months, 1.5 hours, 3 times per week. During the treatment, electroencephalograph signals during motor imagery were synchronizationally recorded and analyzed before and after treatment, respectively. Movement function evaluation for upper limb（Fugl-Meyer motor assessment,FMA）and Action Research Arm Test （ARAT） were evaluated for participants at pre and post treatment, respectively. Results After 2 months BCI training,the cognitive time of ERD was significantly reduced（P〈0.05）and the amplitude of ERD was significantly enhanced（P〈0.05）. There were significant correlation between the cognitive time of ERD and the amplitude of ERD and the scores of FMA and ATAT（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Motor-imagery BCI rehabilitation system can shorten the cognitive time related to motor control and enhance the amplitude of ERD, which may contribute to improve the function of upper limb for stroke patients.