中文摘要：

目的：检验东西方两种文化下羞耻感的异同之处，与理论相结合探索未来对羞耻感的跨文化研究方向。方法：以方便取样，选取在北京大学的美国访问学生进行半结构化访谈，到第8名后不再有新的类别，随后配对选取8名北京大学学生进行相同访谈。将所得内容就羞耻体验中的认知、情感和行为后果进行分类编码和统计。结果：在羞耻感的引发因素上，中美大学生均报告了在学业成就、人际交往、群体、身体和重要他人5种羞耻情境中强度相似的羞耻感；自我、同辈、父母、老师或领导对大学生的期望都会引发羞耻感，群体的期望只引发中国大学生的羞耻感，而美国大学生未提及。羞耻体验过程中，中国大学生比美国大学生报告了更多身体反应（中国被试3类身体反应，21人次，而美国被试仅1类，5人次），并倾向于对羞耻体验做更多的认知加工（人次33：19）。在羞耻感的影响力上，两国大学生均报告羞耻感在导致回避行为等负性结果的同时，其最重要的影响在于具有行为促进和约束的正性作用。结论：本研究结果加深了对羞耻感跨文化异同现象的理解，支持自我意识情绪产生模型和自我建构模型。

英文摘要：

Objective： To test the similarities and differences of shame experience between Chinese and American participants and explore the future research direction of shame in a cress-culture context. Methods： American college students were enrolled by convenient sampling to a semi-construct face-to-face interview about general and specific shame experience in their own culture. No new materials appeared after 8 students were interviewed. Then 8 Chinese college students were paired sampling to participate in the same interview. Finally all the in terview contents were coded according to the emotion, cognition and behavioral reaction of shame experience. Results： Both Chinese and American students reported shame experience with similar intensity in academic, personal relationship, body, group and transference shame situations. The expectations of self, peers, parents, teachers or supervisors could be sources of shame in both eastern and western cultures, and only Chinese students regarded expectation of a specific group as a source of shame. Chinese participants recalled more body reaction when feeling shame and had more cognition process related to the shame experience. Finally, besides the negative results such as avoidance that shame experience brought out, in both cultures, the most important influence of shame was reported to be the positive effects on improving or restricting improper behaviors. Conclusion： The participants from two cultures demonstrate a fairly coherence process of shame experience, and the results support the appraised-based model of self-conscious emotions.