中文摘要：

探讨了降落伞充气过程中开伞动载的产生原理及其影响因素，提出了在风洞中模拟真实开伞动载的可行性。在此基础上，对小型平面圆形伞的开伞过程进行了试验，研究了开伞过程中伞衣形状和伞衣所受载荷之间的关系。试验表明：开伞载荷受降落伞阻力和附加质量变化率产生的力影响最大；在开伞过程中伞衣会发生“呼吸”现象，伞衣所受最大载荷出现在伞衣第一次完全充满时。同时，变速风洞的伞衣载荷研究表明，变速风洞可较好地模拟实际开伞情况。

英文摘要：

The cause and influence factors of the parachute opening load （OL） in the opening process are analyzed. The feasibility of OL for simulating the actual opening process by the wind tunnel is proposed. On this basis, the opening process of the small circle parachute is tested. OL and the inflation shape of the canopy are measured. OL is influenced by aerodynamic forces of the parachute and the force produced by the change rate of added mass. Besides, the ＂breath＂ phenomena in the inflation process are observed. The greatest OL is happened when the canopy is completely inflated at the first time. Finally, OL in the varied speed wind tunnel is also investigated. Results show that the actual opening process can be well simulated.