中文摘要：

人格心理学以整体的个人为研究对象，以人性问题为核心关切。在对人性的研究过程中，先后出现了三种研究范式：特质、动机和叙事。特质研究考察的是人格的静态结构，即人格由哪些因素构成，回答的是人格的“所有”问题；动机研究考察人格的动力机制，回答的是人格的“所为”问题；叙事研究考察人格的发展过程，回答的是人格的“所成”问题。近年来，研究者们提出，人格叙事研究范式能够将人格特质范式和人格动机范式整合起来一同去理解人格。但叙事研究刚刚兴起，尚处在发展初期，还不属于一致公认的范式；而且该范式还面临着许多困难和局限，有待进一步完善。

英文摘要：

Personality psychology aims to analyze the nature of human nature; the object of personality research is the whole person. The study of personality has a broad history in psychology with different approaches which include trait, motive, and narrative. Trait is the first approach to the study of personality. Trait theorists are mainly concerned with the dimensions and the measurement of traits which influence behavior, different among individuals, and are relatively stable over time. Some of the most influential theories have been widely accepted all over the world, such as Cattell＇s concepts of surface traits and source traits. Another pioneer of personality research, Eysenck, used three traits to generalize one＇s personality profile, which are extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. More recently, some researchers suggest, based on the lexical hypothesis, that personalities can be grouped into five basic categories, which are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. These traits are dimensions with each individual rating somewhere along this spectrum. The primary weakness of trait theories is that they are purely descriptive and neglect the underlying causes of personality. Motive is the second approach to the study of personality. It reflects personality＇s dynamic or mechanism, which offers the explanations of the underlying causes of personality. Motivation can tell us what people really want in a specific time and place. There are many great theories of human motivations, which have revealed one＇s needs, motivations, goals, and plans from different standpoints. For example, Sigmund Freud suggested that humans are motivated by deep urges regarding sexuality and aggression. Murray provided a list of 20 basic psychological needs. Meanwhile, other humanistic psychologists, such as Rogers, Deci, Ryan, and Maslow, placed more importance on needs for self-actualization and other growth-promoting human tendencies. The potential weakness of motivation theori