中文摘要：

借助偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对C/C复合材料不同基体炭的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明：不同基体炭在偏光显微镜下呈现出不同的光学活性度,其平均光学活性度依次由普通沥青炭、热解炭的光滑层、热解炭的粗糙层、中间相沥青炭逐渐增强;在SEM下,普通沥青以＂葡萄状＂结构为主,热解炭分为块状和＂皱褶状＂片层状结构,中间相沥青炭为形状各异的片层条带状结构;在HRTEM下,中间相沥青炭的晶格条纹排列规整,是一种长程有序的晶体结构,晶化程度很高。XRD分析表明,材料B（中间相沥青基C/C复合材料）的石墨化度最高,层间距最小,材料D（热解炭基C/C复合材料）次之。

英文摘要：

The microstructure of carbon/carbon（C/C）composites with different matrix carbon was studied by polarized light microscopy（PLM）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and XRD techniques respectively.PLM results indicate that the different matrix carbon exhibits different optical reactivity,and the average optical reactivity is gradually enhanced from normal pitch carbon,smooth laminar of pyrocarbon,rough laminar of pyrocarbon to mesophase pitch carbon;SEM results show that the normal pitch carbon is mainly of grapy structure,the pyrocarbon exhibits like-crinkle lamellar structure,while the mesophase pitch carbon exhibits lamellar banded structure with different shapes.Under HRTEM,the lattice fringes of the mesophase pitch carbon are arranged regularly,is a long range ordered crystal structure,and the preferred orientation is high.The degree of the graphite and the interlayer spacing of the material B（mesophase pitch-based C/C composites）are better than that of the material D（pyrocarbon-based C/C composites）.