中文摘要：

目的分析血液透析患者发生中心静脉导管相关性感染的危险因素，为采取必要措施降低感染率提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析2007年2月-2012年9月387例血液透析患者的临床资料，记录中心静脉导管相关性感染率，同时分析年龄、性别、基础疾病、穿刺次数、导管留置时间、穿刺部位与发生中心静脉导管相关性感染的关系；采用SPSS17．0软件分析。结果57例患者发生中心静脉导管相关性感染，感染率为14．7％，年龄≥55岁患者感染率为19．7％，高于〈55岁的7．5％；患有糖尿病患者的感染率为21．2％，高于非糖尿病患者的10．4％；穿刺次数≥3次患者的感染率为22．2％，高于〈3次的12．5％；导管留置时间≥2周患者的感染率为19．3％，高于〈2周的10．4％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；股静脉、颈内静脉、锁骨下静脉穿刺患者的感染率分别为24．5％、11．1％、5．6％，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高龄、基础疾病为糖尿病、穿刺次数多、导管留置时间长、穿刺部位为股静脉是引起中心静脉导管相关性感染发生的危险因素。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in the hemodialysis patients so as to provide theoretical basis for reduction of incidence of the infections. METHODS The clinical data of 387 patients who underwent hemodialysis from Feb 2007 to Sep 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, then the incidence of central venous catheter-related infections was recorded, while the correlation between the age, gender, underlying disease, frequency of puncture, catheter indwelling time , puncture site and the incidence of central venous catheter-related infections was analyzed, and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS17.0 software. RESULTS The central venous catheter-related infections occurred in 57 cases with the infection rate of 14.7%; the infection rate was 19.7% in the patients with no less than 55 years of age, higher than 7.5% in the patients with less than 55 years of age; the infection rate of the patients with diabetes was 21.2%, higher than 10.4% of the patients with non-diabetes underling diseases; the infection rate of the patients with frequency of puncture no less than 3 times was 22.2%, higher than 12.5% of the patients with frequency of puncture less than 3 times; the infection rate of the patients with catheter indwelling time no less than 2 weeks was 19.3%, higher than 10.4% of the patients with catheter indwelling time less than 2 weeks （P〈0.05）. The incidence of infections was 24.5% in the patients with femoral vein puncture , the patients with internal jugular vein puncture 11.1 %, the patients with subclavian vein puncture 5.6 % （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION The risk factors for the central venous catheter-related infections include the advanced age, diabetes as the underlying disease, long catheter indwelling time, and femoral vein puncture.