中文摘要：

构建物联网设计与实现的统一方法是目前物联网研究领域亟待解决的问题之一．物联网体系结构是设计与实现物联网系统的首要基础．文中从功能角度将目前已经提出的物联网体系结构分为“后端集中式”和“前端分布式”两种类型，并以水平性、可扩展性、环境感知性、环境交互性和自适应性等为指标对这两类体系结构进行了比较分析，指出了USN和IoTA具有更多符合物联网特征的属性，对未来物联网的设计与实现具有更好的参考价值．文中还从物品连接模式、通信协议和服务机制3个方面对这两类物联网体系结构指导下的物联网实现方法进行了分层归纳，总结了目前建立后端集中式和前端分布式物联网系统的常用方法．最后还指出，为形成物联网设计与实现的统一方法，未来还需要在物联网体系结构的形式化说明与验证、物联网服务机制的实现方面，深入开展一些研究工作．

英文摘要：

It is a vitally important problem to form a unified approach to design and implement Internet of Things （IoT）. Architecture is the foundation to design and implement loT systems. In this paper, we divide the recently proposed architectures of loT into two categories from the function perspective, namely back-end centralized and front distributed architectures, and com- paratively analyze them in terms of horizontality, scalability, context-awareness, interactivity, adaptability and others. The analytical results show that USN and IoT-A have more desired prop- erties as reference architectures for future development of IoT. With reference to these architec- tures, we also summarize the implementation methodologies of loT in the following three layers, namely interconnection model, communication protocol, and service mechanism, and conclude the recently commonly used methods to build back-end centralized and front distributed IoT systems. Finally, we point out some future work to be done to form a unified approach to design and im plement loT, particularly formally specifying and verifying architectures of loT and implementing service mechanisms of loT.