目的评价低剂量HRCT成像技术对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者小气道研究的可行性。方法选择临床诊断为COPD患者69例,健康对照组20名,通过低剂量HRCT检查及常规肺功能检查,采用完全自动化气道评估软件,分析不同级别COPD患者的低剂量HRCT小气道参数的差异性及小气道参数与常规肺功能参数的相关性。结果最大吸气末扫描:COPD患者Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级的WA/BSA(mm^2/m^2)分别为:21.08±3.70、17.90±3.28、23.30±4.15、20.81±4.16(P=0.014);LA/BSA(mm^2/m^2)分别为:13.64±3.21,10.76±2.24,13.94±3.41,12.35±3.05(P=0.033);TA/BSA(mm^2/m^2)分别为:34.75±6.72、28.66±5.41、37.23±7.82、33.13±7.05(P=0.023);WA%/WV%分别为:61.27±2.75、62.36±1.96、63.27±2.34、63.50±2.18(P=0.009)。各参数组间差异有统计学意义,以WA%/WV%差异更明显。气道定量软件对COPD患者第3级支气管的测量参数与常规肺功能相关性:WA%/WV(%)与肺功能检测参数的FEV1(%pred),FEV1/FVC(%),FEF25%(%pred),PEF(%pred)各参数有好的相关性(r分别为-0.41,-0.45,-0.47,-0.46,P〈0.01);Pi10 WA(mm2)也与PFT的FEV1(%pred),FEV1/FVC(%),FEF75%(%pred)有好的相关性,(r分别为0.46,0.41,0.48,P〈0.01)。WA%/WV%与肺功能检测参数的RV,TLC有弱的相关性(r分别为0.28,0.27,P〈0.05)。结论低剂量HRCT扫描及小气道的定量分析能很好地评估COPD患者的肺功能情况,可作为临床评估COPD患者小气道病变的客观指标。
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of low dose HRCT assessments of the small airway in patients with COPD. Methods 69 cases of COPD,20 healthy volunteers,each participant underwent pulmonary function tests and lowdose HRCT scans. All data was analysed by a fully automated software to analyze the differences of small airway parameters of different levels COPD and to make correlation analysis between the small airway parameters and pulmonary function parameters. Results at inspiratory phase,COPD( grade Ⅰ、grade Ⅱ、grade Ⅲ、grade Ⅳ) WA / BSA( mm^2/m^2) were:21. 08 ± 3. 70、17. 90 ± 3. 28、23. 30 ± 4. 15、20. 81 ± 4. 16,P = 0. 014 with P value 0. 014; LA / BSA( mm^2/m^2) were13. 64 ± 3. 21,10. 76 ± 2. 24,13. 94 ± 3. 41,12. 35 ± 3. 05,with P value 0. 033; TA / BSA( mm^2/m^2) were 34. 75 ± 6. 72、28. 66 ± 5. 41、37. 23 ± 7. 82、33. 13 ± 7. 05,with P value 0. 023. WA% / WV% were: 61. 27 ± 2. 75、62. 36 ± 1. 96、63. 27± 2. 34、63. 50 ± 2. 18,with P value 0. 009. These four parameters have significant statistical value were found in the four grades. Strong correlation was found between WA( %) / WV( %) and FEV1( % pred),FEV1 / FVC( %),FEF25%( %pred),PEF( % pred)( correlation coefficient r respective- 0. 41,- 0. 45,- 0. 47,- 0. 46,P 〈0. 01); and between Pi10WA( mm2) and FEV1( % pred),FEV1 / FVC( %),FEF75%( % pred)( correlation coefficient r respective 0. 46,0. 41,0. 48,P 〈0. 01). Moreover,weak correlations between WA( %) / WV( %) and RV,TLC( correlation coefficient r respective,0. 28,0. 27,P 〈0. 05). Conclusion Low-dose HRCT and quantitative analysis and small airway assessment of pulmonary functions is objective in evaluating the small airway lesions in patients with COPD.