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中文摘要：
目的通过对5个中国考古遗址中出土的184枚人类上、下颌第1臼齿（M1和M1）的齿冠基底面积和相对齿尖基底面积的测量与分析，探讨不同食性的人群在第1臼齿齿冠面积和相对齿尖基底面积的差异性。方法运用现代数字图像测量技术对齿冠面积和齿尖面积进行高精度划分和测量，并运用SPSS19．0统计学软件对数据进行检测分析。结果动物性食物摄入较高的人群第1臼齿齿冠基底面积均大于植物性食物为主的人群，差异性检验显示，两组人群在齿冠基底面积上差异显著。两组人群的相对齿尖基底面积非常接近，差异性检验显示，差异不显著。5个考古遗址所代表的中国古代人群的第1臼齿相对齿尖基底面积的大小顺序表现出一致性，即M1的顺序为原尖〉前尖〉后尖〉次尖，M1的顺序为下原尖〉下次尖〉后尖〉内尖〉下次小尖。结论第1臼齿齿冠基底面积的大小在群体间表现出差异性，第1臼齿相对齿尖基底面积则在群体间表现出一致性。
英文摘要：
Objective To explore the differences of crown area of the first molar teeth and relative basal cusp area among the population of different feeding habits by measuring and analyzing crown basal area and relative basal cusp area of M1 and M1 of 184 teeth from five ancient Chinese archaeological sites. Methods High precision classification and measurement were done on crown area and cusp area by using the technology of modern digital image measurement, and data was detected and analyzed by using spss 19.0. Results The crown area of teeth on M1 of crowds which took in high portion of animal food was obviously larger than crowds which had plant food. The test of heterogeneity indicated that there was significant difference on the crown area between the two crowds. The relative basal cusp area of the two crowds had extraordinary similarity. The test of heterogeneity indicated no conspicuous difference. The order of the size of the first molar teeth of the ancient people in China which was represented by five archaeological sites showed consistency, that the relative basal cusp areas exhibited a sequence of protocone 〉 paracone 〉 metaeone 〉 hypoeone in M1 and protocone 〉 hypoeonid 〉 metaconid 〉 entaeonid 〉 hypoconulid in M1. Conclusion The size of crown basal area of the first molar teeth shows diversity between groups, and the size of relative basal cusp area of the first molar teeth shows consistency between the groups.
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