中文摘要：

志贺菌属（Shigella）是引起全球范围内细菌性痢疾的重要病原菌.近年来,多重耐药型和新血清型志贺菌的不断出现给志贺菌的监测和防控带来了新的挑战.基因组学的快速发展为深入了解志贺菌的进化来源、变异机制及传播规律等提供了极大的帮助,对控制细菌性痢疾的蔓延具有重要的科学意义.本文首先从遗传来源角度探讨志贺菌与大肠杆菌的进化关系及其可能的分子机制,随后对福氏、宋内和1型痢疾志贺菌的基因组进化进展进行了总结,详细描述了它们的时空分布特点以及耐药基因变异在进化中所发挥的作用,以期为志贺菌的研究和防控提供参考.

英文摘要：

Shigella, an enteric pathogen, causes widespread bacillary dysentery around the world. Over the past few years, the emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobials and new serotypes has brought new challenges to the surveillance and prevention of Shigella. The rapid development of genomics contributes to a better understanding of origins, mechanisms of variation and spreading principles, and has great scientific significance to control the spread of bacillary dysentery. From the perspective of genetic source, this essay focuses on the evolutionary relationship between Shigella and E. coli, as well as the possible molecular mechanisms. For the purpose of providing reference for researching and prevention of Shigella, the article also outlines the advances on genome evolution of S. flexneri, S. sonnei and S. dysentery type 1 with a detailed description of their features on temporal and spatial distribution and of the function of variation in resistance genes during evolution.