中文摘要：

海绵是最旧并且最简单然而并非原始的多细胞的动物。他们代表现存的最早进化的后生动物的门 still。放是一个长、痛苦的科学过程最神秘、神秘后生动物，多孔动物门，进他们在优核质之中的正确种系发生的地方一般来说并且多细胞的动物特别地。作为生活石块，海绵为後生动物的早进化提供最好的证据。更最近，兴趣集中于海绵的仿生的应用“硅质的骨针，在他们的唯一的结构和高纤维性能的发现以后。在这评论，海绵，在海绵发现的进化新奇，和在早后生动物的进化的海绵的种系发生的位置的出现被加亮。另外，包括在硅石新陈代谢的另外的分子和他们在 nanobiotechnology 和药的潜在的申请的参与，“在水兵的形成擦掉的调停 silicatein 的简历硅石”上的知识的现在的状态被给。

英文摘要：

Sponges are the oldest and the simplest but not primitive mulUcellular animals. They represent the earliest evolutionary metazoan phylum still extant. It was a long and painful scientific process to position the most enigmatic and mysterious metazoan, the Porifera, into their correct phylogenetic place among the eukaryotes in general and multiceUular animals in particular. As living fossils, sponges provide the best evidence for the early evolution of Metazoa. More recently, interest has been focused on the bionic applications of sponges＇ siliceous spicules, after the discovery of their unique structure and high fiber performance. In this review, the emergence of sponges, evolutionary novelties found in sponges, and the phylogeneUc position of sponges in early metazoan evolution are highlighted. In addition, the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated ＂biosilica＂ formation in marine sponges, including the involvement of other molecules in silica metabolism and their potential application in nanobiotechnology and medicine, is given.