中文摘要：

在分析高温构件蠕变失效微观机理的基础上，提出了基于孔洞长大理论的蠕变应变设计准则和蠕变应力设计准则。定义了蠕变等效应力和蠕变等效应变，探讨了蠕变许用应力和蠕变许用应变的确定原则。这些设计准则考虑了蠕变失效的微观机理和时间相关性的影响，能给出比传统设计方法更为稳定和合理的设计结果。分析了在蠕变强度设计上存在的困难，并提出了相应的建议。

英文摘要：

Creep failure mechanisms of high temperature components under multiaxial stress states are analyzed, and the design criteria for creep strain and stress are presented on the basis of cavity growth theory. Methods of how to calculate creep equivalent stress and strain and how to determine permissible creep stress and strain are proposed. Compared with the traditional creep design approach based on classic plastic theory, the proposed method in this paper takes into account the physical mechanism of creep failure and therefore can predict multiaxial creep behavior of high temperature components more reasonably. In the end, difficulties faced in the field of multi-axial creep strength design are analyzed and recommendations for further re-search are presented.