中文摘要：

利用2013年极端自然高温的有利条件,调查198份在极端自然高温期间抽穗扬花的水稻材料结实率,分析了抽穗扬花期极端自然高温胁迫对不同类型水稻结实率的影响。结果表明,持续高温对供试材料的结实率存在一定的影响,且品种（系）间存在明显差异。对杂交籼稻组合的亲本进行分析发现,不同不育系或恢复系所配F1组合的结实率存在明显差异,不育系和恢复系对杂交F1组合的耐高温性存在一定的影响。相关分析表明,高温期间抽穗的常规籼稻恢复系和常规粳稻结实率与日最高温度均呈负相关,相关不显著,杂交籼稻F1组合结实率与恢复系结实率呈显著正相关。初步筛选出“宁恢广抗占”、“蜀恢527”、“成恢3203”和“籼引-8”4份籼稻恢复系和“武引粳恢”（B2）、“南粳44//W3660/南粳44”（B11）、“南粳44//W3660/南粳44”（B12）和“武运2330/JD6011”（B22）4份常规粳稻新品系,其结实率均接近90%,基本达到正常水平,表现出较好的耐高温性。

英文摘要：

The seed setting rates of total 198 rice cultivars （lines） at heading and flowering stage were investigated under the condition of extreme natural high tem- perature in 2013 so as to analyze the effect of extreme natural high temperature on seed setting rate of different rice cultivar （line）. The results showed that the contin- uous high temperature showed certain effects on the seed setting rates of tested materials, and significant differences were shown in seed setting rate among differ- ent rice cultivars （lines）. The seed setting rates differed significantly among indica F1 hybrids derived from different sterile and restorer lines, indicating that the sterile and restorer lines had great effects on heat tolerances of different F~ hybrids. The cor- relation analysis showed that the seed setting rates of conventional indica restorer lines and conventional japonica rice cultivars （lines） were negatively related to the daily highest temperature （P〉0.05）, and the seed setting rates of indica F1 hybrids were positively related to the seed setting rates of their restorer lines. Total four in- dica restorer lines, including Ninghuiguangkangzhan, Shuhui 527, Chenghui 3203 and Xianyin-8, and four new japonica rice cultivars （lines）, including Wuyinjinghui （B2）, Nanjing 4//W3660/Nanjing 44 （B12） and Wuyun 2330/JD6011 （B22） were pre- liminarily screened, and their seed setting rates were all close to the normal level （90%）. The screened rice cultivars （lines） showed higher heat tolerances.