中文摘要：

从肿瘤免疫概念的提出到肿瘤免疫治疗的临床应用，经历了近百年的积累与沉淀，肿瘤免疫治疗终于从辅助性肿瘤治疗方式发展为目前公认的最有潜力治愈恶性肿瘤的手段。自2011年开始，多种免疫检测点阻断剂和靶向性免疫细胞药物在多种恶性肿瘤治疗中取得了良好的临床疗效，极大地推动了肿瘤免疫治疗的临床前研究和临床应用。笔者通过对世界以及中国的肿瘤免疫治疗现状分析，简要论述了肿瘤免疫治疗发展趋势、面对的问题和相应的应对措施。

英文摘要：

It has experienced nearly a hundred years from presenting a concept of tumor immunity to clinical applica- tion of the tumor immunotherapy. Until now, the tumor immunotherapy has become the most promising means of curing malignant tumors which was currently accepted from an adjuvant treatment approach of cancer. Since 2011, multiple blockers of immune checkpoints and durgs of targeted imune cells have achieved favorable clinical efficacy in the treatment of many malignant carcinomas, which has greatly promoted the pre-clinieal research on the tumor immunotherapy and its clinical applications. In this review, the development trends of the tumor immunotherapy, faced problems and their corre- sponding countermeasures were briefly discussed based on the analysis of the current status quo of the tumor immunothera- py in the world and in China.