中文摘要：

[目的]综述腰椎退变后黄韧带、小关节软骨组织形态学、相关因子的改变。[方法]通过查询近5年来的相关文献,综述腰椎退行性疾病后黄韧带、小关节软骨组织形态学上改变,细胞因子转化生长因子（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1）、胶原蛋白、金属蛋白酶13（matrix metalloproteinase 13,MMP-13）和白细胞介素1（IL-1）的表达情况。[结果]（1）黄韧带退变可见韧带中弹力纤维断裂,排列紊乱,数量减少,而胶原纤维数量增多,排列紊乱;同时释放细胞因子TGF-β1和Ⅰ型胶原。（2）小关节软骨组织则出现关节面粗糙、甚至出现溃疡、局部缺失或者暴露软骨下骨头,大量软骨细胞死亡等现象,可见MMP-13和IL-1的过度表达。[结论]退变腰椎中黄韧带弹力纤维减少,胶原纤维增多,释放细胞因子TGF-β1和Ⅰ型胶原,另外小关节面粗糙,可见MMP-13和IL-1的过度表达。

英文摘要：

[Objective] Summary of the changes of the morphology and related factors of the ligamentum flavum and articular cartilage after lumbar degeneration. [Methods]By querying the nearly five years of related literature, review the change of lumbar degenerative disease after the ligamentum flavum,articular cartilage morphology, cytokine transforming growth factor（TGF-beta 1）, collagen, metalloproteinase 13（MMP-13） and interleukin 1（IL-1） expression.[Results]（1） The rupture of elastic fibers in the ligaments of the ligamentum flavum was found to decrease, and the number of collagen fibers increased, and the number of collagen fibers increased, and the numbers of TGF-1 and type I collagen were released.（2） Articular cartilage tissue appeared in the joint surface coarse dry, and even ulcers, partial loss or exposure to cartilage bone, a large number of cartilage cell death and other phenomena, the excessive expression of IL-1 and MMP-13.[Conclusion] The decrease of elastic fibers in degenerative lumbar spine, collagen fibers increased, the release of cytokines TGF-beta 1 and collagen type I, in addition to the articular surface coarse dry, visible MMP-13 and IL-1 over expression.