中文摘要：

心脏结构重构是心脏应对压力负荷、维持心脏正常输出的适应性反应,最终导致心脏组织硬化、功能失调,是心血管疾病发展的关键过程,可见于心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心房颤动及主动脉狭窄等心脏性疾病。MicroRNA-21（miR-21）是新近发现的与心脏结构重构密切相关的小分子RNA。临床和动物模型的最新研究结果表明,miR-21通过调控相关靶基因的表达,介导相关信号通路,参与心脏结构重构发生和发展,并可能成为诊断心脏结构重构的生物标志物和治疗靶点。

英文摘要：

Cardiac structural remodeling,is an adaptive response of cardiac myocytes to external stresses.While the response is initially compensatory mechanisms that maintains cardiac output,sustained remodeling can result in disruption of normal myocardial structures.This is a key process in the progression of many cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction,heart failure,atrial fibrillation and aortic stenosis.MicroRNA-21（miR-21）,a newly discovered miRNAs,is closely related with cardiac structural remodeling.Recently,accumulating evidence suggests that miR-21 suppresses the expression of target genes,regulates signaling pathways and involves in the development and progress of cardiac structural remodeling.These findings made it possible for clinic to take miR-21 as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiac structural remodeling.