中文摘要：

对合成的（0号样）和天然的（从烃源岩中提取粒度小于2txm的1号样）有机粘土复合体，经氯仿和超临界流体相继抽提后进行抽提量、族组分及色谱分析，并对相继抽提的残渣进行总有机碳（TOC）、x-衍射（XRD）、红外（IR）和热分析检测，研究烃源岩中有机质的赋存方式及其石油地质意义。对有机粘土复合体进行氯仿和超临界流体相继抽提后，抽提量发生较大的变化，超临界流体抽提色谱的主峰碳向高碳数方向移动，反应了不同强度抽提剂获取有机质特征的差异。但是，抽提残渣的TOC含量仍较高，表明经相继抽提后粘土仍结合有大量的有机质。在抽提残渣的XRD曲线上，250℃时d001反射峰大于1．0nm，直至升温到550℃时d001反射峰移至1．0nm处，表明蒙脱石层间存在有机质。抽提前、后的有机粘土复合体，在差热（DTA）曲线上350℃附近出现显著的放热峰；在IR曲线上的有机质特征峰（2924，2852，1388和725cm^-1）和水的特征峰（1634cm^-1），仅是强度有所减弱而均未发生位移，表明相继抽提并没有破坏粘土矿物层间结合的有机质。对比抽提前、后的特征认为，抽提获取了粘土表面吸附的的或孔隙间的有机质，而抽提残渣仍保留了粘土矿物层间结合的有机质，且数量较大和稳定，这些都与干酪根的特征不同。因此，应探索有机质生烃和资源评价参数研究的新思路，这对深化认识有机质生烃机理和油气勘探策略都具有重要的意义。

英文摘要：

Two samples of organic clay complex, one is synthesized （ sample No. 0 ） and the other is natural （sample No. 1 with grain size less than 2 p.m acquired from source rocks） ,are extracted by chloroform and su- percritieal fluid successively. Analyses of extract volume, group composition, and GC-MS were carried out and TOC,XRD,IR and thermal analysis methods were applied to the residue to study the occurrence of organic mat- ter in source rocks and its significance to petroleum geology studies. The result reveals that the amounts of extract are quite different for chloroform and supereritieal fluid. For the supereritical fluid,the dominant GC peak of car- bon shows a tendency of moving towards carbon with larger numbers,indicating a difference in characteristics of organic matters revealed by different extraction agents. However,the TOC in the residue is still high, showing that a significant amount of organic matters still exist on clay surfaces after successive extraction processes. The XRD curve of the residue reveals that the value of reflection peak d001 is more than 1.0 nm at 250℃ and close to 1.0 nm when heated to 550℃, indicating the existence of organic matter between smeetite layers. For the organic matter complexes before and after extraction, a salient exothermie peak occurs on the DTA curve at a temperature of 350℃ ,and the characteristic peaks of organic matter （2 924 cm-1 ,2 852 cm-1 ,1 388 cm-1 and 725 cm-1） and of water （ 1 634 cm - 1 ） on the IR curves weaken in absorption intensity but do not shift in locations,indica- ting that successive extractions do not destroy the organic matters in between clay mineral layers. A comparison of the geochemical behaviors before and after extraction shows that the organic matters absorbed on the clay sur- face or inter-pores are extracted, but those between clay mineral layers are still preserved in the extraction resi- duals and they are abundant and stable, a phenomenon quite different from that of kerogen. Therefore, novel ap- proaches