中文摘要：

赤霉病是小麦的重要病害，严重影响小麦的产量和品质，但由于小麦遗传转化较难，其抗病机制的研究一直进展缓慢。短柄草作为单子叶模式植物，在生长特性和遗传研究等方面具有很大优势。本研究首先明确了短柄草穗部赤霉病发生的最适条件为：温度28°C，相对湿度75%。比较小麦Apogee抗、感赤霉病近等基因系受赤霉菌诱导的表达谱，在抗病材料中克隆到一个特异表达的基因并命名为TaWRKY2。利用农杆菌介导的方法将TaWRKY2基因转入短柄草Bd21中，通过穗部接菌鉴定和叶片离体鉴定的方法对转基因植株进行抗病性鉴定，结果表明，与受体Bd21相比，转基因短柄草植株的穗部和叶片赤霉病抗性均增强。作为SA信号路径下游的基因，TaWRKY2可能通过介导水杨酸路径下游病程相关蛋白基因（Pathogenesis related gene，PR基因）的表达，参与抗赤霉病过程。

英文摘要：

Fusarium head blight(FHB)is an important disease of wheat,which affects the quality and yield of wheatseriously.However,due to the difficulty of genetic transformation of wheat,the progress is slow in the research of FHBdisease resistance mechanism.As a model of monocot plants,Brachypodium distachyon has great advantages in terms ofgrowth characteristics and genetic research.In this study,we established the system of FHB evaluation on B.distachyon,withthe optimal conditions at28°C and humidity of75%.Based on the analysis of the gene expression profiling,we cloned aspecific gene from FHB-resistant near-isogenic line of Apogge induced by Fusahum graminearum,and it was designated asTaWRKY2and overexpressed in B.distachyonof Bd21subsequently.The results showed that the transgenic B.distachyonexhibited stronger resistance to FHB both on spike and detached leaf.As a downstream transcription factor of SA signaling,TaWRKY2may participate in the process of resistance to scab by mediating the expression of pathogenesis related proteingenes.