中文摘要：

DNA复制是细胞最基本的生命活动之一,是生物体生存和繁殖的基础。从原核生物到真核生物,DNA复制过程基本保守,分为复制起始和延伸两个阶段。复制叉是DNA复制的基本结构,它容易遭受多种内源或外源的DNA复制压力影响而停顿,导致基因组不稳定,引起细胞凋亡、癌变或细胞死亡等严重后果。为了维持复制叉的稳定,细胞进化出了一系列机制,其中最重要机制之一便是S期细胞周期检验点。就影响DNA复制叉稳定的内外因素、S期细胞周期检验点与复制叉稳定性的关系以及复制叉稳定性与相关疾病的发生、治疗等问题进行简要综述。

英文摘要：

Chromosomal DNA replication is one of the most fundamental biological events, all cell or organism growth bases on DNA replication. From prokaryotes to eukaryotes, the basic processes of DNA replication are relatively conserved and divided into two major events, DNA replication initiation and extension. Replication forks are a basic structure of DNA replication and vulnerable to internal and external factors such as DNA lesion, high order of chromatin structure, DNA secondary structure etc. These factors could cause fork pausing and fork collapse, which subsequently results in genomic instability, cancer or cell death. In order to stabilize stalled forks, cells have developed a series of regulation systems, one of which is checkpoint. This article will give a brief review related to fork pausing, fork stabilization and checkpoint control.