中文摘要：

气凝胶材料因其具有独特的性能而成为当今国际新材料领域的研究热点。简要分析了我国目前的粉煤灰利用状况，详细综述了国内外利用粉煤灰为硅源，采用溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶材料的研究进展，列举了SiO2气凝胶在各个领域的应用现状，指出了当前研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向，并展望了利用粉煤灰制备SiO2气凝胶材料的研究与应用前景。

英文摘要：

Aerogel materials have become the research hotspots in the field of international new materials in recent years for its unique performance. The utilization of fly ash in our country at present is analyzed, the research pro gress of using fly ash as silicon source to prepare silica aerogel materials via sol gel and ambient pressure drying method is summarized in detail, the application situation of SiO2 aerogel in various fields is listed, the problems existing in the current research and the future tendency of the research are pointed out, and the research and application prospect of using fly ash to prepare silica aerogel materials are forecasted.