中文摘要：

为了获取尽可能完整的样品信息，直接利用采集的大气PM10原样进行非晶质X射线衍射（XRD）的定量分析．按照实际PM10的构成用玻璃纤维滤膜采集人为模拟大气结晶颗粒物样品，结合实验拟合得到的滤膜衍射图，推导出根据空白滤膜衍射强度计算不同样品载量时滤膜的衍射强度公式，从而消除了滤膜的基底效应的影响，并计算出实际大气样品中非晶质的衍射强度．采用无定形碳模拟大气中的非晶质，通过测定纯碳的衍射强度，得到纯碳比空白玻璃纤维滤膜的参比强度量为0．59，类比绝热法求出非晶质的质量百分比．应用该方法对北京市2010年冬季采集到的一组大气可吸入颗粒物样品进行了原样XRD分析，得出其非晶质含量分别为10．44％、13．83％、15．12％、15．88％和11．96％．

英文摘要：

In order to receive sample information as much as possible a raw-sample X-ray diffraction （XRD） method was described to quantitatively analysis the amount of amorphous materials（AM） in PM10 aerosol sample collected with glass fiber filter. A series of crystalline samples were artificially prepared and collected with glass fiber filters based on the composition of PM10.According to the fitting results, a theoretical formula was deduced to calculate the diffraction intensities of the filters under different amount of samples. The diffraction intensity of AM in atmospheric sample can be obtained by eliminating the filter＇s diffraction effect on the substrate. Amorphous carbon was used to simulate the atmospheric AM. By measuring the diffraction intensities of pure carbon and blank glass fiber filter, the reference intensity K of pure carbon to blank glass fiber filter was derived as 0.59, and the mass percentage of AM can be obtained by the adiabatic method. With this raw-sample XRD method, a series of inhalable particles samples collected in winter 2010 in Beijing were analyzed, and the mass percentages of AM contained were estimated as 10.44%, 13.83%, 15.12%, 15.88% and 11.96% respectively.