中文摘要：

【目的】研究胡麻两系杂种优势的亲本配合力遗传基础,为胡麻两系杂交种亲本选配提供理论依据。【方法】选用7份温敏型雄性不育系和11份国内外主栽油用及纤用亚麻优良品种为亲本材料,按照遗传交配设计NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配置77（7×11）份杂交组合,利用DPS软件分析两系胡麻杂交亲本14个主要农艺性状和品质性状的遗传效应、亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）效应及与杂种优势的关系。【结果】胡麻两系杂交组合主要农艺性状和品质性状存在显著的遗传差异,其主要表现为加性基因效应遗传的性状有：株高、工艺长度、分茎数、分枝数、每果粒数、千粒重和含油率、油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸;同时受加性和非加性基因效应共同影响的性状有：单株果数、单株产量和亚麻酸组分。主要农艺性状与品质性状的狭义遗传力大小顺序分别为：工艺长度〉千粒重〉株高〉每果粒数〉分枝数〉单株产量〉分茎数〉单株果数;含油率〉亚麻酸〉硬脂酸〉棕榈酸〉亚油酸〉油酸。亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）在同一亲本（组合）的不同性状间和同一性状的不同亲本（组合）间存在较大差异,且亲本的GCA效应与SCA效应没有直接的关系。在供试的18份亲本材料中,不育系113S、16-1-1-2、24-1-1-1、T-11和1S,恢复系陇亚10号、天亚9号、轮选3号、Macbeth和AC Watson在某些农艺和品质性状上具有较突出的一般配合力（GCA）效应,是较优的亲本材料。所组配的77份杂交组合14个主要农艺性状和品质性状存在广泛的超亲优势和竞争优势,优势大小因性状而异,其竞争优势与亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）呈极显著正相关,且与亲本GCA的相关性多高于SCA,与恢复系的GCA相关性多高于不育系,强优势组合的特点是双亲或亲本之一具有较高的GCA?

英文摘要：

【Objective】 The combining ability of parents and heterosis of agronomic and quality traits in two-line hybrid flax were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for a two-line flax crossbreeding program.【Method】 A incomplete diallel cross using eighteen flax genotypes including seven thermo-sensitive male sterile lines and eleven restorer lines with 77（7×11） hybridcombinations was carried out to estimate effects of the general combining ability（GCA）, special combining ability（SCA） and heterosis for fourteen main agronomic and quality traits in two-line hybrid flax. Data analysis was processed with DPS（Data Processing System）. 【Result】Analysis of variances for the studied traits indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes. The general combining ability（GCA） effects was significant rather than specific combining ability（SCA） for most traits, including plant height, technical length, branches per plant, stems per plant, seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, oil content, oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid. The heredity of these traits was mainly controlled by additive genes. Both GCA and SCA effects were significant for some traits, including capsules per plant, yield per plant, and linolenic acid. The heredity of these three traits was controlled by additive and non-additive genes, of which the additive genes played a dominant role. The narrow-sense heritability of agronomic and quality traits was ranged as follows： technical length1000-seed weightplant heightseeds per capsulebranches per plant yield per plantstems per plantcapsules per plant, and oil contentlinolenic acidstearic acidpalmitic acidlinoleic acid oleic acid. The general combining ability（GCA） and special combining ability（SCA） have greater differences among different traits with the same parent/cross or among different parents/crosses with the same trait. Meanwhile, there is no direct relationship between GCA and SCA. Among eighteen parents, the male sterile line 113 S,