中文摘要：

大气折射理论是天文学和测地学中的重要研究课题之一.电磁波在大气层传播过程中速度和方向的变化，引起了不同的大气折射效应.针对不同的观测目标和不同的测量技术，在不采用普遍折射和反射定律的情况下，本文给出了不依赖于大气分布状态的，适合于测角、测距和测速的大气折射原理性公式.

英文摘要：

The atmospheric refraction theory is one of the primary research topics in astronomy and geodesy. The change of velocity and direction of electromagnetic wave propagation process in atmosphere caused the different atmospheric refraction effects. In the case of not use general law of refraction and reflection, this paper gave the atmospheric refraction principle formula which would be suitable for different observation targets and different measurement technologies. At the same time, this formula is suitable for angle, distance and velocity measurement, and doesn＇t depend on atmospheric distribution state.